Mantle for incandescent gas-lamps.



. Patented sept. 9, |902. D. KAUFMANN. '0R mcANDl-:SCENT GAS LAMPS. (Application md Jem. 4, 1902.)

v MANTLE F (Nq Model.)V

THE Nonms PETERS co.. Pnoouwm wAsHlNQ'rON, D. G.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

,OTTO KAUFMANN, OF ELMHURST, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TO DAVID OTTENSOSEIL OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

MANTLE FOR INCANDESCENT GAS-LAMPS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N o. 708,812, dated September 9, 1 902.

Application led January 4, 1902. Serial No. 88,424. (No model.)

To a/ZZ whom it may concern:

Beit known that I, OTTO KAUFMANN, a citizen of the UnitedStateaand a resident of Elmhurst, city of New York, borough of Queens, State of New York, (Whose post-office address is Third street and Vietor Place, in said Elmhurst,) have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Mantles for Incandescent Gas-Lamps, of which the following is a speciication.

My invention has for its object to produce a mantle by means of which increased strength and stability may be obtained to resist the very powerful pressure of gas or gas and air present in incandescent gas-lamps now in use without sacrificing any of the desirable characteristics of the mantle and at the same time to increase its volume of light, economize in gas used, and to considerably increase its life.

My invention therefore resides in the construction and combination of parts hereinaf-` ter described, and further pointed out in the claims. Y p

In the drawings forming part of this speciiication, Figure 1 is a front View of the complete mantle made in accordance with my invention. Fig. 2 is a central sectional elevation thereof. Fig. 3 is a transverse section on the line 3 3, Fig. l; and Fig. 4L is an enlarged view of a portion of the inner and outer hoods, showing the character of the fabric of which the separate hoods are composed.

The embodiment of my invention herein illustrated is constructedas follows:

At lis ahood which I term the outer hood and 2 the inner hood. Each of the hoods may be prepared for final use in the manner well known in the art, (except as hereinafter described and claimed,) which consists substantially in providing a knitted fabric and shaping it to substantially approximate that of the completed mantle andwhich is then dipped into or impregnated by the desired solution ofinfusorial earth or'other desired material-that is to say, both the inner and outer hoods in my invention are or may be made and completed in the usual or wellknown manner. However, in order to obtain the maximum of resistance to gas-pressure and at the same time secure lightness and economy of construction I prefer that one of the hoods be made of a lighter or looser or more expansive or resilient structure than the other, and the lighter or more expansible hood may form the outer or the innner hood, as desired, although I prefer to employ it as the inner hood.

In preparing the mantle in accordance with the preferred form of my invention I produce by the process of knitting, preferably, a hood, as l, in which the fabric is composed of longitudinal ribs 3, comprising loops 4 of more tightly drawn or double-looped threads and intermediate courses of single or more loosely drawn threads 5, and which when knitted in the cylindrical or slightly conical form which may be given to it produces a hood of marked strength porous enough to permit of the passage of the gas therefrom and sufficiently dense for the purpose of illumination. I pro duce also another hood 2 by the process of knitting or in any other desired Way in which the threads may be uniformly disposed in single and comparatively loosely-drawn loops, as indicated at 6. This hood is more eXpansible andelastic than the other more heavilyconstructed hood. When the hoods are formed, I turn the .upper edge of one or both ofsaid hoods over, the edge of one of said hoods being shown'overlappe'd in Fig. 2, sov

that one will overlap the other after having inserted one hood within the other, as hereinafter described In knitting or otherwise producing the hood I prefer that they be made of such a size that they will closely fit one within the other and thatthe outer surface of the inner hood be eitherin actual or substantial contact orin close proximity to the inner surface of the outer hood; but since the in aterial of which the hoods are made especially after impregnation andthe usual subsequent treatment, which may cause a shrinkage unactual physical contact with each other at all loosely-knitted or elastic fabric and another Within the other and their upper edges drawn parts of their juxtaposed surfaces. I have l determined by actual experiment and use that better results are obtained by employing the hood of lighter knitting or web as the interiol' one, since it is more readily expansible when under the influence of strong pressures and by giving thereto tends to break up or absorb the pressure before the sameis brought materially to bear upon the outer hood, which being ot' a stronger or less elastic fabric, although giving somewhat to the pressure,tends to restrain the expansion of the inner hood to the point where, owing to its fragile nature, it would break. On the other hand, the lighter- Webbed hood may be employed as the exterior hood, in which case the heavier hood will break up the pressure and preserve the lighter hood. The two hoods, While acting individually and cooperating conjointly, as before described, materially increases the vol u me of light given off by presentingr a greater mass of refractory material to the incandescing action of the gas, while the Weight and thickness are not materially increased, thereby securing advantageous results Without materially adding to the cost of the resultant mantle. This construction further enables the mantle to be handled in storage or shipment or use Without the usual breakage.

As an additional feature of the method of constructing my improved mantle, although not essential thereto, I prefer that before impregnating the hoods and after one is inserted down and overlapped tosecure the same together in one or more of the several ways illustrated herein, in which the edge of the inner hood is lapped over, as at 7, the edge 8 of the outer hood. The upper overlap 7 and the edge 8 of the hoods are drawn together by the threads 9, which may pass through both hoods, thereby drawing the overlapping end of the outer hood into folds l0, tightly encompassing the upper edge of the outer hood. Also one or more threads or stitching may be longitudinally employed, as at l1, Fig. 2, to hold the hood together longitudinally, and a further transverse linerof stitching may be employed, as at l2, to hold the hoods together near their lower ends or edges. All of these threads are impregnated preferably simultaneously with the impregnation of the twoply mantle. The suspending-thread 13 may be applied in any desired manner. The stitching l1 12 not only prevents movement of one hood relatively to the other, but substantially unites both hoods into substantially one component mass, comprising a layer of light or layer of more densely or tightly knitted fabric, thereby practically producing a mantle in which these characteristics of construction are present substantially united into a homogenous mass.

Having described my invention, I claiml. A mantle for incandescent gas-lamps, comprising a plurality of hoods joined together and inserted one Within the other, said hoods being composed one of finely-knitted fabric treated with a mineral and refractory substance, the other of more coarsely-knitted fabric likewise treated, as and for the purposes set forth.

2. An article of manufacture comprising a plurality of hoods joined together and inserted one Within the other, the exterior hood comprising a relatively coarse and heavy knit fabric, and the interior hood a finely and loosely knit fabric, and a thread passing through folds formed in the upper ends of said hoods securing the same together.

3. An article of` the class described, comprising a pluralityof hoods inserted one within the other, the edge of the outer hood being overlapped upon the upper edge of the inner hood, and a thread passing through said overlapped portion and the upper edge of the inner hood, securing said hoods together.

4. An article of the class described, comp rising a plurality of hoods one inserted Within the other, one of said hoods comprising a knitted fabric having rows of thickened ribs and intervening rows of larger loops, the other hood being composed of a knitted fabric comprising smaller loops of thinner thread.

5. An article of the class described, comprising a plurality of hoods inserted one Within the other, one of their upper edges overlapping the other, and both edges being drawn together by a securing-thread passing through both mantles.

G. An article of the class described, cornprisingaplurality of hoodsinserted one within the other, the upper edge of the inner hood being lapped over the upper edge of the outer hood, both hoods being secured together by passing a thread through said overlap of the outer hood.

7. An article of the class described, comprisingapluralityofhoodsinserted oneWithin the other, the upper edge of the interiorhood overlapping the upper edge of the exterior hood, and securing-thread passed through folds or crimps in said upper edges by drawing said thread tightly.

S. An article of the class described, comprisin g a plu rality of hoods inserted one Within the other, and secured at their upper edges, and additional means for securing the hoods together in the direction of their length.

9. An article of the class described, comprising a pluralityof hoods inserted one within the other and secured together at their upper edges, and a thread running longitudinally of the hood and securing them together.

10. An article of the class described, comprising a plurality of hoods inserted one Within the other, and secured togetherat their upper edges, means for securing said hoods together in the direction of their length, and means IOO IIO

for securing them together adjacent their cent their lower edges vand securing the hoods loWer edges. together. 1o l1. An article of the class described, oom- Signed at the City, County, and State of New prisingapluralityofhoodsinserted one within I York this 2d day of January, 1902. 5 the other, and secured togetherat their upper edges, means for securing said hoods together Vitnesses:

in the direction of their length, and a thread CHAS. G. HENSLEY,

disposed oonoentrieally with the hoods adja- OTTO KAUFMANN.

SOPHIE SEKosKY. 

